Bystander effect nih關於「Bystander intervention theory」標籤，搜尋引擎有相關的訊息討論：
Bystander Affiliation Influences Intervention Behavior - Sage Journalsjournals.sagepub.com › doiUnderstanding Perpetrator Reactions to Bystander Intervention in ...journals.aom.org › doi › amr.2020.0396The Bystander Effect and Altruism – General Psychologypressbooks.online.ucf.